It’s quite simple: All documentation, including anonymised summaries of consultations, the data model, visual representations and blog posts, will be licensed under a CC-BY license. We’ll consult with OSSWatch to ensure an appropriate license is used for the prototyping data. The public benefits of this project are likely to be the incremental research outputs published on this blog.
Author: Joss Winn
Risk Analysis and Success Plan
Aaah! The risk analysis. When writing the bid for the project, we quickly totted up the number of sub-domains we have at the university and it came to 600. I couldn’t believe it. It became quite clear that the long-term risks of not undertaking this project far outweigh any risks internal to the project. We have sufficient skills and experience among team members to undertake each of the deliverables, although we know that the consultation processes may introduce unanticipated risks to the project. As always, there is a minor risk that team members may be absent during the project due to illness, but this will be mitigated by close collaboration on work packages and sharing of responsibilities. The project has support from the most senior level of university management.
Our original proposal was born out of lessons learned from the Learning Landscape project and also out of necessity. We are committed to developing and improving our virtual research, teaching and learning environment and see our work on identifiers as fundamental and integral to this commitment. The project is also timely and will feed into a wider review of our websites and services.
In terms of how we intend to ensure that the project will be a success, we’ll engage in a number of ways to communicate with stakeholders throughout the project (blog, Twitter, conferences, poster, case studies) so as to ensure that our work is widely known, understood and supported. We’ll also demonstrate the value of identifiers to all stakeholders, in terms of how they express our virtual learning landscape, improve the effectiveness of communication across the university and contribute to a more efficient use (and re-use) of data.
Wider Benefits to Sector & Achievements for Host Institution
This may seem like an obscure technical project to many people, but we think there will be a number of benefits, both internal and external, in undertaking this work. For students and academic staff at Lincoln, we’ve situated this project within the wider context of the Learning Landscape at Lincoln and will try to demonstrate the use of identifiers in expressing and sign-posting virtual spatiality. Just as traditional space architects offer easy to understand blueprints so that people can imagine the space, Linking You should give staff and students a clearer and more persistent syntax, which sign-posts the virtual space they occupy. The visual representations created during the project will be used to communicate the proposed changes to the online research, teaching and learning environment. Furthermore, the provision of open data from the university’s websites will allow greater re-use and personalisation of information for students and staff.
Technical staff at the university should benefit from a consistent approach to URIs means that it is significantly easier for them to manage the relationships between resources, as well as making it dramatically simpler to produce documentation which refers to ‘clean’ URIs. Alongside this, the University would be able to implement a more efficient method of redirecting users to their intended destination where a resource has moved.
The university as a whole will benefit from our thinking about systematised approach to a logical and human readable URI addressing system for online services. If implemented, they should experience:
- Better IT systems integration.
- Improved navigation of virtual spaces.
- Appropriate conventions for differing technology platforms i.e. mobile/desktop devices.
- Future proofing against non-sustainable URI management practices.
- Ability to ‘design with data’
- Improve discoverability of resources (and SEO)
The university sector will hopefully benefit from our project documentation, data representations and modelling, case studies and prototyping. This is a small project that we hope will offer useful contributions to a wider conversation across the sector.
Aims, Objectives and Final Outputs of the project
Ready! Steady! Go!! Linking You is now up and running. This and the next few posts constitute our project plan and is meant to be an updated, easy to read version of our original project bid. Here, I’d like to introduce you to our objectives for this project and make clear what we intend to do over the next four months.
Like most other HEIs, Lincoln’s web presence has grown ‘organically’ over the years, using a range of authoring and content management technologies to satisfy long-term business requirements while meeting the short-term demands of staff and students. We recognise the value of our .ac.uk domain as an integral part of our ‘Learning Landscape’ and, building on recent innovations in our Online Services Team, intend to re-evaluate the overall underlying architecture of our websites with a range of stakeholders and engage with others in the sector around the structure, persistence and use of the open data we publish on the web. Some preliminary work has already been undertaken in this area and we intend to use this opportunity to consolidate what we’ve learned as well as inform our own work through a series of wider consultations and engagement with the JISC community.
The context
The University of Lincoln recently led the HEFCE-funded Learning Landscapes project which looked closely at the design and use of space for research, teaching and learning across several universities, including our own. An outcome of that project was the design of a tool to help investigate the spatial criteria that are encompassed in three fundamental qualities of good design. These are efficiency, effectiveness and expression. The project clearly recognised the role of technology in creating an ‘edgeless university‘ and the use of the web as integral to the learning landscape of the university. Just as the physical space can benefit from a re-evaluation of its efficiency, effectiveness and expression, so can the virtual space and in doing so, we think that the structure, persistence and openness of our online domain should be valued in a similar way to our physical assets.
More recently, we have attempted to address our virtual learning landscape through investigations into more effective and efficient use of space-time data. In the JISC-funded Total ReCal project, we are exposing space-time data in an open, standardised format that can then be queried and aggregated by a student-centred calendaring service. In Total ReCal, each event is given a unique, arbitrary, non-repeatable identifier which serves to identify the event in the future regardless of any changes to the underlying data architecture. In the Jerome project, we are also assigning similar identifiers to every unique work and copy of a work, allowing those resources to be reliably referenced.
We recognise that identifiers and URI structure play a role in expressing a well-designed, efficient and effective learning landscape. Well constructed, they can act as navigational and spatial signs to users, as can be seen from the syntax used on our WordPress CMS: e.g. http://totalrecal.dev.lincoln.ac.uk/2010/10/18/how-we-make-things-faster/ Through the use of well-constructed URIs, a mental image of the virtual space can be easily built, allowing students and staff (and developers!) to understand and use their learning landscape more easily and effectively.
The problem(s)
However, not all of our existing web pages use such ‘cool URIs‘ and we are now having to cope with around 600 sub-domains using a variety of URI syntaxes. There is currently no policy on the management of domains, only an ad hoc agreement between departments. Many sub-domains are misnamed or occupy valuable name spaces. Clearly, resources at the sub-domain and domain level need to be administered at an institutional level under a recognised system of governance. As technology advances, platforms and addressing systems are becoming ever more numerous and complex. Operational management of URIs, identifiers and associated addressing systems has proved very difficult without an authorised institutional mapping system. Ideally, this mapping system should conform to agreed rules which will benefit core practices and users.
Currently, we have a number of publishing systems. For example, our corporate pages are still managed ad-hoc using FrontPage, we use Sharepoint for our Portal, we have an EPrints research repository, a Multi-Site installation of WordPress (with over 300 sites), a Mahara e-Portfolio system and our HIP Library catalogue. We also have our own URI shortening service at http://lncn.eu. Each of these systems uses its own URI syntax, which while generally consistent within the service, are very dissimilar when taking the institution as a whole.
When a department changes its name or moves to another faculty, traffic from the root of the old site is redirected to the new root on the server. When pages move or change they are redirected using META tags. However, this is only where it is deemed essential. Otherwise there would be too many to manage. A redirect system is in place, so that clicking a course on the UCAS site, or typing the UCAS code after our main URI, will send the visitor to the course page. i.e. http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/B343 goes to BSc (Hons) Acupuncture. Furthermore, we own a number of unique domains, such as http://undergraduatelincoln.com and http://studyatlincoln.com
Such is the extent of the problem. Clearly this ad hoc approach is neither desirable nor sustainable and is increasingly at odds with more recent work to provide personalised access to our online services through open APIs (Total ReCal & Jerome) and the benefits we have seen from our work on JISCPress. (The JISCPress project allowed us to evaluate WordPress as a source of structured open data and its integration with third-party services such as Talis platform and Open Calais). We are currently preparing to undertake a full review of our institutional web sites and the work for Linking You will help us raise awareness about the value of our identifiers and developing a persistent data model.
We feel strongly that by considering this project on identifiers within the context of the university’s leadership and experience of learning landscapes in higher education, we are able to offer an innovative and broadly informed approach to thinking about spatiality and the role of identifiers in the research, teaching and learning culture of higher education. We are aware of the existing work done in this area within the university sector, as well as discussions elsewhere ((i.e. http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/shared-keys.html & http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radiolabs/2008/06/the_simple_joys_of_webscale_id.shtml & http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/radiolabs/2009/01/how_we_make_websites.shtml)) and will ensure that our work is informed by current best practice.
What will we actually deliver over the next four months?
- A ‘blue sky’ technical consultation on the use of virtual space and the role of identifiers, based on what we now know.
- A data model based on the outcome of this consultation. This is a technical representation of our ideal, future virtual learning landscape.
- A poster-sized visual representation of this data model for use in consultations with a wider range of stakeholders. ‘The role of identifiers in the Learning Landscape.’ This should make sense of identifiers to non-technical staff and students.
- A prototype of the agreed data model, including an explicit URI syntax and persistent structured data outputs, with use case examples. We’re not sure if this is going to be a real prototype website or a series of diagrams/models.
- Use case scenarios, including comparative studies of two other HEIs and documentation on the use and re-use of Lincoln’s data. For us, this is the business case for why we move forward after the project.
- Participation in a relevant workshop/conference so that we can talk face-to-face with other institutions about what we’ve learned.
That’s it for our introduction. Now on to a post about the benefits of undertaking this project.